Ultrasonic Sensor

Features

• Power Supply: +5V DC
• Quiescent Current: <2mA
• Working Current: 15mA
• Effectual Angle: <15°
• Ranging Distance: 2cm – 400 cm/1″ – 13ft
• Resolution: 0.3 cm
• Measuring Angle: 30 degrees
• Trigger Input Pulse width: 10uS TTL pulse
• Echo Output Signal: TTL pulse proportional to the distance range
• Dimension: 45mm x 20mm x 15mm

Introduction

This sensor reads from 2cm to 400cm (0.8inch to 157inch) with an accuracy of 0.3cm (0.1inches), which is good for most hobbyist projects.

In addition, this particular module comes with ultrasonic transmitter and receiver modules. The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine the distance to an object.

It comes complete with ultrasonic transmitter and receiver module.

Working principle of ultrasonic sensor Arduino

1. The ultrasound transmitter (trig pin) emits a high-frequency sound (40 kHz).
2. The sound travels through the air. If it finds an object, it bounces back to the module.
3. The ultrasound receiver (echo pin) receives the reflected sound (echo)

An ultrasonic sensor Arduino uses sound to perform a measurement. 

An ultrasonic sensor emits a sound pulse in the ultrasonic range. This sound pulse propagates at the speed of sound through air (about 344 meters per second) until the sound pulse encounters an object. The sound pulse bounces off the object and is returned in reverse to the sensor where this “echo” is received. By measuring the time it takes for the sound pulse to travel from sensor to object and back to the sensor. The distance to the object can be calculated very accurately. This measuring principle is also called “Time of Flight”, or transit time measurement.

The blind zone is important for the functioning of an ultrasonic sensor. This zone is the first area, right in front of the transducer of the sensor. Within this zone it is impossible to perform measurements. The size of the blind zone of a sensor depends on a variety of factors. These are:

1. The duration of the sound pulse;
2. The frequency with which sound moves through air (or another medium).

Integration